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INDEX |
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| Auto
A/C Reference Manual |
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| Forward |
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I |
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| About
the author |
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iii |
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| Glossary
of terms |
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iv |
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| Index |
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|
vi |
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| THE
SYSTEM |
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| Picture
of unit |
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1 |
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| How
does an air conditioning system work? |
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2 |
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| Should
the air conditioning be turned off each time the engine is turned off? |
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6 |
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| SERVICING |
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| What
are some of the indicators of a system needing service? |
|
7 |
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| What
should an air conditioning system service consist of? |
|
8 |
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| Steps
of inspecting the AC system |
|
9 |
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| Steps
to servicing the air conditioning system |
|
10 |
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| What
is the best time of the year to service an AC unit? |
|
11 |
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| Fundamentals
of pressure |
|
12 |
|
| Terms
used when servicing |
|
13 |
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| What
do gauge readings mean? |
|
14 |
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| How
much refrigerant does the system hold? |
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15 |
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| Can
an AC system be serviced by pressures and air delivery temperature? |
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16 |
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| If
the system has a sight glass, can it be used? |
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17 |
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| What
engine RPM should the engine be run at for air conditioning service and
testing? |
19 |
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| Pressure
temperature chart |
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20 |
|
| Is
there another method to test a system for operation? |
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21 |
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| What
is superheat? |
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22 |
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| How
is servicing done by the superheat method? |
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23 |
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| How
is servicing by the subcooling method done? |
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24 |
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| System
temperature check points |
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25 |
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| Sub
cooling chart |
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26 |
|
| Can
using the bare hands to check line temperature? |
|
27 |
|
| How
can the pressures read what they should and have no cold air delivery? |
|
28 |
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| What
are some of the tricks of servicing? |
|
29 |
|
| Are
there any other checks should be done after service is completed? |
|
32 |
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| LEAKS
CHECK |
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| How
many ways are there to check for leaks? |
|
33 |
|
| REFRIGERANT |
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| What
is ambient temperature and its effect on refrigerant? |
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35 |
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| What
is retrofit and what refrigerant should be used? |
|
36 |
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| Are
operating pressures higher on R-134a than R-12 systems? |
|
37 |
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| How
does refrigerant become contaminated? |
|
38 |
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| How
can refrigerants be identified for contamination when using
recycled refrigerant? |
39 |
|
| How
does air get into an AC system and become a contaminate? |
|
40 |
|
| What
are the dangers of handling refrigerants? |
|
41 |
|
| Compressors
and Clutches |
|
|
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| What
causes a compressor to fail |
|
42 |
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| What
is a variable displacement compressor? |
|
44 |
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| Compressor
checks |
|
45 |
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| System
oil capacity chart |
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46 |
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| Establishing
oil levels |
|
47 |
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| Watch
it burn |
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48 |
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| How
can a test be done to determine if a reed valve is broken or leaking? |
|
49 |
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| Does the compressor need to be replaced just because the
clutch |
|
50 |
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| burned
out or the reverse? |
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|
|
| Are
replacement compressors shipped with oil in them? |
|
51 |
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| Why
does a compressor fail after a repair has been made? |
|
52 |
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| When
is a noisy compressor not a bad compressor? |
|
53 |
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| Can
a cycling switch cause a compressor to fail? |
|
54 |
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| On
water pump driven fan blades, can the blade cause compressor failure? |
|
55 |
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| Can
heavy-duty radiators cause compressors to fail? |
|
56 |
|
| What
causes a compressor to blow a hole in the side of it? |
|
57 |
|
| What
causes a clutch to fail? |
|
58 |
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| What
is a clutch saver switch and where should it be located? |
|
59 |
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| What
does burnishing a clutch mean? |
|
60 |
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| Clutch
failure checkout list |
|
61 |
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| Clutch
ground circuit |
|
62 |
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| OILS |
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| What
kind of oil should be used in the system? |
|
63 |
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| What
is the best method to install oil into the system? |
|
64 |
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| How
is excessive oil removed from the system? |
|
65 |
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| When
topping off a system, should oil be added to the system? |
|
66 |
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| When
is it necessary to attach a label as to what refrigerant and oil is in the
system? |
67 |
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| What
is black death? |
|
68 |
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| EVACUATION |
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| Must
a system be evacuated before servicing? |
|
69 |
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| What
is the proper method to connect and use an evacuation pump? |
|
70 |
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| Vacuum
chart |
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71 |
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| FLUSHING |
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| What
must be done to prepare a system for repair? |
|
72 |
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| Is
it necessary to flush a system when doing repairs? |
|
73 |
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| What
is the procedure called "live flushing"? |
|
74 |
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| What
is closed loop flushing? |
|
76 |
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| Flushing
the CCOT system |
|
77 |
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| Flushing
the TXV system |
|
79 |
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| CONDENSERS |
|
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| What
are some little known facts about a condenser? |
|
80 |
|
| What
are the signs of a restriction in the condenser? |
|
81 |
|
| Is
there such a thing as forming a gradual restriction in the condenser? |
|
82 |
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| When
would it be nearly mandatory to replace to condenser? |
|
83 |
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| What
is a sub cool condenser? |
|
84 |
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| Condenser
designs |
|
85 |
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| Temperature
testing work sheet |
|
86 |
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| Expansion
Valves and Orifice Tubes |
|
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| What
is a cycling clutch orifice tube? |
|
87 |
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| How
does an cycling clutch orifice tube fail? |
|
88 |
|
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| What
is a variable orifice valve? |
|
89 |
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| Can
an orifice tube be put in backwards? |
|
90 |
|
| How
can a test for an orifice tube o-ring bypassing or if the orifice tube
left out? |
91 |
|
| How
does an expansion valve work? |
|
92 |
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| How
does an expansion valve fail? |
|
93 |
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| Is
there more than one reason to read superheat? |
|
94 |
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| What
causes a restriction in the expansion valve? |
|
95 |
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| How
can the different expansion valves be identified? |
|
96 |
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| Accumulators,
Receiver-Dryers, Mufflers |
|
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| Can
there be a restriction in the accumulator? |
|
98 |
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| Can
there be a restriction in the receiver dryer? |
|
99 |
|
| Can
there be contamination in a muffler? |
|
100 |
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| DIAGNOSING |
|
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| How
is temperature read correctly? |
|
101 |
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| Diagnosing
the system flow chart |
|
102 |
|
| System
diagram with temperature points |
|
104 |
|
| Temperature
testing work sheet |
|
105 |
|
| Is
it possible to have a fifty degree drop across the condenser and not have
a restriction? |
106 |
|
| Is
it possible to have the correct drop across the condenser but read higher
than the outside temperature dictates it should be? |
107 |
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| What
is the best method to diagnose duel AC units? |
|
108 |
|
| CLUTCH
CYCLING SWITCHES |
|
|
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| What
is a clutch cycling switch and how does it work? |
|
109 |
|
| HOSES |
|
|
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| How
do AC hoses fail? |
|
110 |
|
| Ford
AC hose assemblies |
|
111 |
|
| Are
aftermarket AC hoses as good as OE. |
|
112 |
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| BULLETINS |
|
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| How
do screw type service valves work? |
|
113 |
|
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| Bulletin,
refreshing ATC memory |
|
114 |
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| Bulletin,
Honda grounds |
|
115 |
|
| What
causes water to run on the floor after the AC has been run for a time? |
|
116 |
|
| Clutch
ground circuit |
|
117 |
|
| Retrofit |
|
|
|
| What
is retrofit and what refrigerant should be used? |
|
118 |
|
| GENERAL
INFORMATION |
|
|
|
| Fans |
|
119 |
|
| What
are bottom breathers |
|
120 |
|
| What
is the purpose of air dams and engine compartment seals? |
|
121 |
|
| How
do you test for a bad fan clutch? |
|
122 |
|
| Can
an electric motor on the radiator be wired backwards? |
|
123 |
|
| How
can an electric motor or clutch have current to it and still not work? |
|
124 |
|
| Can
Ford spring lock fittings be stopped from leaking? |
|
125 |
|
| REGULATOR
VALVES |
|
|
|
| On vehicles that have evaporator regulator valves, can they
be retrofitted without
replacing the valves? |
|
127 |
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| |
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| SOLUTIONS |
|
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What is wrong when an AC system is cold at slow speeds |
|
128 |
|
| and
gets warmer at highway speeds? |
|
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What causes a system to get cold quickly when vehicle is
cold |
|
129 |
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| but
takes much longer when vehicle has been setting in the sun? |
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What is wrong when the AC operates properly for a long
period, and all of a sudden, |
130 |
|
| and
all of a sudden, the air turns hot? |
|
|
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| What
is the reason the AC gets colder with R-12 in the system rather than
R-134a? |
131 |
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|
What would cause an AC system to operate off and on,
depending on
the time of day the car is driven and how it is driven? |
|
132 |
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Is there a simple method to diagnose an AC system? |
|
133 |
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